What is the primary ingredient in styptic powder or liquid?

The primary ingredient in styptic powder or liquid is alum. Alum has astringent properties, which help to constrict blood vessels and promote clotting, making it effective in stopping minor bleeding from small cuts and nicks during shaving or other grooming activities. The effectiveness of alum in styptic products stems from its ability to reduce blood flow and hasten the healing process, providing immediate relief for small injuries on the skin.

Other substances, while they may have their own benefits, do not primarily serve the same purpose as alum in styptic applications. Alcohol is often used as a disinfectant but does not have the same clotting properties. Menthol is primarily used for its cooling sensation and does not contribute to stopping bleeding. Hydrogen peroxide is effective as an antiseptic but can cause irritation to open wounds and is not specifically designed to stop bleeding like alum.